Assessing the socio-economic effects of wetland degradation to the people living near Namiro wetland in Entebbe municipality, Uganda

Abstract

Whereas wetlands provide tangible and non-tangible products like water filtration, domestic water supply flood control, and habitat for biodiversity that contribute to income and food security, wetland degradation is still a serious environmental problem in the world. Sustainable use of wetland resources is not possible without the support and involvement of the local community. Thus, it would be beneficial to understand the relationship between the people and the wetland usage. A study was carried out to assess the socio-economic impacts of wetland degradation on local communities adjacent to Namiro Wetland in Entebbe Municipality, Uganda. The research was based on a cross-sectional survey design and data was collected using questionnaires, interview techniques reinforced by field observations, photography and informal discussions with local people. Data collected was thereafter analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Data was captured using Microsoft excel and exported to SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for analysis which descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and Analysis of variances were employed. The finding generally showed that Namiro wetland had significantly decreased by 18% over the past two decades. The main causes of wetland degradation were human population pressure, and wetland reclamation to create crop fields and livestock grazing area as well as community education and awareness gap. The major negative social effects of wetland degradation were frequent flooding, scarcity of clean and safe water for domestic use and food insecurity. It was established that although crop farming, animal grazing and brick making were the major economic activities taking place in Namiro wetland, over 80% of the respondents experienced economic loss due to wetland degradation, reduced crop yields and increased water expenses. Therefore, the study underscores the urgent need for effective conservation education and awareness outreach programs to foster a culture of sustainable management/use, restoration and monitoring of wetlands.