This study explored the role of conservation education programs in promoting human-wildlife co-existence around Budongo Central Forest Reserve (Budongo CFR). Three specific objectives guided the research: (1) to document the existing conservation education programs involved in enhancing human-wildlife coexistence around Budongo CFR, (2) to determine the influence of conservation education programs in enhancing human-wildlife coexistence around Budongo CFR, (3) to assess the moderating effect of conservation education programs in enhancing human-wildlife coexistence around Budongo CFR. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative surveys and field observations, to gauge the success of these programs in fostering human-wildlife co-existence. The study revealed various conservation education programs in place, including environmental education in schools (28%), community outreach programs (20%), ecotourism (8%), sustainable agriculture (20%), and forest restoration (20%). Notably, conservation education in schools played a significant role, contributing 59.1% to the variance in human-wildlife co-existence. A Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis indicated a strong positive significant relationship between conservation education programs. It revealed that conservation education programs predicted 94.7% of the variance in improving human-wildlife co-existence. Findings showed that well-designed conservation education programs have the potential to enhance community awareness, reduce conflict incidents, and encourage sustainable co-habitation practices. These programs have not only increased knowledge and positive attitudes but also fostered local capacity for conservation. The findings underscore the importance of continued investment in these programs by government, NGOs, CBOs, and industry experts to promote sustainable coexistence and conservation in the Budongo CFR and similar areas. However, challenges such as cultural nuances and resource limitations pose significant hurdles to program effectiveness. In conclusion, this research demonstrates the effectiveness of conservation education programs in enhancing human-wildlife coexistence around Budongo CFR. It is therefore recommended that the government of Uganda through the ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities should strengthen and expand conservation education in schools and communities around protected areas and should also support collaborations between local communities, conservation organizations, government bodies and researchers to enhance harmonious living between humans and wildlife.

A Dissertation Submitted to the School of Sciences in Partial Fulfilment for the Award of a Master of Science Degree in Natural Resources Management of Nkumba University